Thoughts on Exam 2 Neel Bhatt: I thought the exam was more difficult than the previous; however, I felt more comfortable with the format of the exam. Although we didn't score quite as high as a team compared to the first exam, I still feel that we worked well together. Graham Hall: I had a difficult time with exam 2 because I didn't allocate enough time due to midterm week. Also, I think I was beginning to feel burned out at this point. I hope to gain momentum and pull through on the next one. Katherine MacDonald: I was pretty disappointed of my performance on the exam. I prepared a lot more for this one, but I only did 2 point better than exam 1. I did not concentrate on capillary filtration and adsorption enough, and that really affected my grade. For the next exam, I will attend more office hours and throughly study all of the material. I just need to keep plugging away Elizabeth Roush: I was definetly not as prepared for this exam and that was reflected by my performance. I was not as prepared as I had to prepare for several exams at once for Friday. I hope to be better prepared and not as overloaded for exam three. I also hope to better understand the material and feel better from the reading. Kevin Yamada: I was not as prepared for this test as I should have been. I wish that I would have mastered all the material in the case studies. I just need to put more individual effort into my studying, and I should be fine. Amanda Cook: In my opinion, Exam 2 was much harder than exam 1. I had a difficult time learning the material. I was actually surprised at my grade because I did better than expected. I managed my time better so that I didn't feel as rushed. For Exam 3 I need to do the readings ahead of time and start studying earlier so that I can learn the material.

New Topics from Exam 2 * Autonomic Nervous System Control of Cardiovascular Function - Parasympathetic and Sympathetic controls play important roles in cardiovascular function. Norepinephrine and epinephrine are neurotransmitters that act on the activity of the heart. Alpha and Beta adronergic receptors are important in cardiovascular function when it comes to regulating variables such as contractility, dilation, and constriction. An increase in sympathetic nervous system can increase the MAP. * Coupling of Electrical and Mechanical Activity - Without the electrical activity of the heart, the mechanical activity would be severly decreased. The electrical activity signals the mechanical activity to occur. *Mechanical Activity of the Heart - The right and left pumps are connected in a series. The lub sound is the AV valve closure and the dub is the semilunar valve closure. Problems with these valves can occur due to insuffiency or narrowing. * Cardiac Output - HR x SV : Cardiac output is important for MAP regulation since MAP=CO x TPR. * Vascular System: Veins, Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries - Veins: Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They are thin and very compliant. Venous diameters alter in response to pressure changes in order to keep blood moving through the body. Arteries: Arteris have thick walls and are very elastic. The serve as pressure reservoirs. Due to their large radii, they offer little resistance to blood flow. Arterioles: Arterioles determine the relative blood flow to organs at any MAP. They are a major factor in determining MAP. Arterioles are the major sites of resistance and the greatest decrease in pressure occurs in the arterioles. They contain smooth muscle the can cause vaso constriction or vasodilation. Capillaries: Capillaries are the site of exchange of nutrients, and metabolic end products. Vasodilation of arterioles increases capillary flow and vasoconstriction of arterioles decreases capillary flow. Lipid soluble substances such as CO2 and O2 easily diffuse through capillary membranes. * Blood Pressure Measurement and Regulation - Blood pressure is measured with a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope. We had the opportunity to practice measure blood pressure in our lab. Baroreceptors play an important role in blood pressure regulation. If the baroreceptors detect an increase in pressure they increase their firing. If they detect a decrease, they decrease their firing. Baroreceptorsregulate blood pressure during a short period of time. In orthostatic hypotension, blood pressure decreases when going from a lying to a standing position due gravity.

Team Performance on Exam 2 Out team did pretty well on Exam 2. We earned a 44/50, however there were 4 bonus points. Last exam we were the top team with a score of 46/50. Although our team score dropped by 2 points, we were still pretty happy considering the difficulty of this exam. We finished in sixth place out of 12 for this exam.

Solutions for Improvement for Exam 3 *time management *organization *better preparation for exam