Thoughts on Exam 4 and the semester as a whole Neel Bhatt: It seems that the class is performing better on each exam. I feel that I have improved as well. The most important way I have improved is my ability to reason through questions. I still feel that a better understanding of some topics could have improved my score somewhat on this last exam. We all feel a lot more comfortable around each other, and it seemed clear that this was the case from the last exam. I think individuals in the group feel more at ease in voicing opinions. As a result, there is more insightful discussion on the answers to questions. However, I think that this is helpful in arriving at correct answers. In fact, on this last exam, we chose several answers quickly, but changed our group's answer after some discussion. This supports my thought that we are functioning better as a team. Katherine MacDonald:This surprisingly was my best score yet, and I barely studied for this exam! Although, I did come into the test with a fair amount of confidence. I think my attendence in office hours really helped me prepare. Our awesome score on the team exam helped a bunch too. As a whole, one can really trace our team development. With each exam, we became able to clearly state reasons for answers and we all became more receptive to different ideas. We also recognized when we did not know the answers. These key aspects helped us learn the material and score well on exam four. Way to go team! Graham Hall: This is the best exam so far for me, thanks to studying with my group members. Elizabeth Roush: I did better on this past exam then the previous exam but was still slightly disappointed with the outcome. I felt better prepared for this exam with working with some team members which helped on the team score but was not reflected on my individual score. I felt overall I have learned a lot with new material and the help of my team throughout the semester and although my grades are not at my potential or preference that I have a good understanding of the different systems learned in the course. Kevin Yamada: I feel terrible about my performance on this test. I think that a lot of the questions were a little bit ambiguous. I over-thought too much; over-analyzation killed me. I need to review this material very well in order to be prepared for the exam. Our team worked together very well, as always. I really could not have asked for a better group of people to work with. Amanda Cook: I did better on this exam than on the last, but I did not do as well as I hoped. I really feel as though I could have prepared more for this exam. I was very happy with the team score though. Team 3 did a great job on the team section. I really enjoyed working with the members of my team this semester. I feel that I learned a lot from them and I was really glad to be a part of team 3.

New Topics From Exam 4 * Mechanics of Ventilatiion -- There are 3 pressures involved in the mechanics of ventilation. Intrapulmonary pressure, transpulmonary pressure, and intrapleural pressure. Intrapulmonary pressure is the pressure inside of the alveoli, transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the intrapleural and intrapulmonarty pressures, and intrapleural pressure is the pressure between the pleura of the lungs. Gasses in the lungs move by bulk flow, and this is what creates the pressures. The differences in the volumes of air are what allo inspiration and expiration to occur. *Factors influencing Ventilation - 1.) Compliance-> Compliance is the ability of the lungs to expand and recoil. If compliance is decreased, the ventilation decreases. 2.) Surface Tension -> The alveolar type II cells in the alveoli secrete a substance called surfactant. This surfactant decreases surface tension and allows for better gas exchange. 3.) Airway Resistance -> When airway resistance increases, the ease of ventalation decreases. Factors such as hormones, toxins, and allergens, can cause constriction or dilation of the airways and thus affect ventilation. * Gas Exchange -- The factors influencing gas exchange are the physical properties of gasses ( CO2 is more soluble than O2), partial pressures of gases, surface area (larger surface area facilitates gas exchange), distance ( the larger the distance the gas has to travel, the less efficient the gas exchange), and ventilation: perfusion coupling. * Gas Transport -- Carbon Dioxide travels in mainly bicarbonate, but can also travel dissolved in the blood or bound to a protein molecule such as hemoglobin. Oxygen mainly travels bound to hemoglobin, but a small amount is dissolved in the blood. The oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve can show the effects on the changes in carbon dioxide, oxygen, pH, altitude, etc. *Control of Ventilation -- Hypoxia: a reduced amount of oxygen. It can cause changes in ventilation rate, heart rate, and chemo peripheral chemoreceptor firing. Hypercapnia ( too much CO2) can also cause similar effects, but it uses central chemoreceptors. Models used to study the respiratory system: High Altitudes, Obstructive and Restrictive Lund Disease, and Sleep Apnea.

Team Performance on Exam 4 Our team was very happy with the team score. With all of the bonus points, we earned a 52/50 on the team section. This helped our grades a lot.

Favorite Team Memory Neel: I really enjoyed the group meetings in which we worked on various labs and assignments. In these meetings, we really worked well together because individual's unique strengths emerged. In addition, I enjoyed the company of everyone in the group. Katherine: Being grotesquely corpulent in the team video tops everything we have done! Nothing beats the effectiveness of pilotes, especially with a terrific group! Graham: Elizabeth: I enjoyed making the team video and spending time with team members. Kevin: Amanda: Making the team video